A larger model costs more to offload than to update Mean seconds of steps 2 and 3 of 4 short steps, after two warm-up steps. Weight update: 0.64 s for Qwen3-0.6B and 0.89 s for Qwen3-1.7B. Trainer offload: 1.14 and 2.92 s. Trainer onload: 0.81 and 1.44 s. 0 2 4 seconds, mean of steps 2 and 3 0.64 s update 0.6B 0.89 s update 1.7B 1.14 s offload 0.6B 2.92 s offload 1.7B 0.81 s onload 0.6B 1.44 s onload 1.7B Qwen3-0.6B Qwen3-1.7B, 2.8 times the size The update grew 1.4 times. Trainer offload and onload grew 2.6 and 1.8 times.