3 documents d0: "the cat sat" d1: "the dog sat" d2: "the cat ran" vocab: the, cat, sat, dog, ran count BoW · d0 [1, 1, 1, 0, 0] BoW · d1 [1, 0, 1, 1, 0] BoW · d2 [1, 1, 0, 0, 1] * IDF down-weight "the" TF-IDF · d0 [0.0, 0.58, 0.58, 0.0, 0.0] TF-IDF · d1 [0.0, 0.0, 0.58, 0.82, 0.0] TF-IDF · d2 [0.0, 0.58, 0.0, 0.0, 0.82] order discarded. rarity rewarded. sparse, interpretable, fast.